Introduction
A Christian apologist comes up with a version of Paley's Watchmaker argument during a discussion on M-theory and the creation of our universe. He uses a Rolls Royce instead of a watch. He states it thus...
"A Rolls Royce with all of the options is unlikely to occur though mindless mechanistic forces minus the input and impact of applied intelligence. If intelligent forces can alter dynamics, and non-intelligent forces can alter dynamics, then the impact of both ought to be considered in a comprehensive perspective."
If we translate this into plain English, the first part of the argument appears to be that a Rolls Royce does not occur though natural processes and is the result of design and conscious actions by designers and manufacturers. This is almost true, the only problem being the word "unlikely" when a better word would be "impossible". It is actually impossible for a Rolls Royce to occur by natural processes because it's not a product of nature. It doesn't display any of the attributes that are seen in the structure of nature.
The apologist then extends the analogy to the creation of the universe. The Apologist is saying that our universe could have been designed and created by a being who is more advanced than us, and that science should consider this possibility.
This is also true, and science does consider this possibility. It seems a universe can indeed be manufactured, using advanced technology, perhaps using particle accelerators or as simulations. (More information here). This is rather like human beings creating diamonds or snowflakes. Perhaps one day we will be able to examine the fabric of the universe and tell if it is natural or artificial in the same way that we do with diamonds. But at the moment there's no way of knowing. But there is with a Rolls Royce (or a pocket watch).
1 Car maker / Watchmaker
Applying this Rolls Royce analogy to naturally occurring universes, such as explained by M-Theory, Cyclic Models, Quantum Fluctuations etc. is a restatement of Paley's Watchmaker argument which argues for a designed and created universe (which then becomes an axiom for the existence of God).
The common objections to this analogy (it's actually a disanalogy - in fact it's a collection of disanalogies) are well known:
1a) It is a category mistake to make an assumption based on the processes that produce a manufactured artefact and apply that assumption to the products of natural processes.
1b) The designers of a Rolls Royce have foresight and a future purpose in mind. The processes described in natural processes, have no purpose or foresight and therefore are incapable of design and have no requirement for a designer.
1c) Assuming that the universe is designed because an item that we know to be designed, was designed, is just begging the question.
1d) It's possible God created the Rolls Royce but for some reason, Religious Apologists never claim that man made objects were created by God. If we ask the Apologist to explain how we know the Rolls Royce was not created by God, the argument collapses.
1e) The disanalogy between a car maker and a universe-maker is significant. Not only is the term "universe-maker," beyond the bounds of possible experience, but also the hundreds of people involved in the construction of a Rolls Royce - from the miners of the metals, the farmers of the leather, to the draftsmen, craftsmen, factory workers, and distributors - would suggest many gods are involved in universe-making.
1f) Another disanalogy exists with respect to the Rolls Royce designers - they were created by their parents but the universe-maker is described as having no parents
1g) Some parts of the Rolls Royce do not work perfectly and/or require maintenance yet theologians claim Creation is perfect. So again the Rolls Royce is a disanology when compared to Creation.
1h) If the design of the universe is assumed to be imperfect (as with man made artefacts) then this implies the Creator of our universe is neither all good or all-powerful which contradicts the alleged attributes of God.
1i) The purpose of a Rolls Royce is evident by observation, but the purpose of the universe is not.
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